HARDWARE QUESTIONS

1. What is BIOS ?

• - BIOS Standards for Basic Input Output System.
• - It is a Rom Chip on the Motherboard.
• - It is an Interface between Computer hardware & its Operating System.
• There are Basically Four Functions of BIOS:-
• - (POST) :- Power on Self Test,It Checks all hardware connected Properly or not.
• - (BOOTSTRAP LOADER) :- It finds a Bootable Drive & Load its Operating System.
• - (SETUP UTILITY PROGRAM) :- In a Non-volatile Memory the information about Computer System is Stored.
• - (BIOS DRIVERS) :- It is a Collections of Program Stored in One or more EPROM or EEPROM.

2. What is difference between ddr1, ddr2, ddr3, ddr4 Memory's ?

- Difference between ddr1,2,3 & 4 are all about their Speed means a Frequency & their Pins & the
  Operating Voltages.

• - DDR1 has 184 Pins and 2.5 Operating Voltage & Approximately 200-400 MHz Frequency.
• - DDR2 has 240 Pins and 1.8 Operating Voltage & Approximately 400-800 MHz Frequency.
• - DDR3 has 240 Pins and 1.5 Operating Voltage & Approximately 800-1800 MHz Frequency.
• - DDR4 is Latest & it has 288 Pins and 1.2 Operating Voltage & Approximately 1800-2133 MHz  Frequency.

3. What is Difference between SATA and PATA ?

- 

• - SATA Stand for Serial Advanced Technology .
• - It Transfers a Data Bit by Bit from One Drive to Another Drive.
• - SATA has a Data Transfer Speed of 150/300/600 MBs/ Seconds.

• - PATA Stands for Parallel Advanced Technology Attachement. 
• - It Transfers Data of 8 bit from One Drive to Another Drive or One Device to Another.

- PATA has a Data Transfer Speeds of 66/100/133 MBs/ Seconds.Therefore, SATA is Faster than    PATA.

3. What are the Difference Types of Hard disk ?

- PATA - Parallel Advanced Technology Attachement.

- SATA - Serial Advanced Technology Attachement

- IDE - Integrated Drive Environment.

- SCSI - Small Computer System Interface.

- SSD - Solid State Drive.

4. Troubleshooting No Power Problems in PC 
- Check Power cord Connected Properly or Not.

• - Press Power Button of Cabinet, and see the LED Light is Glowing, or the FAN is rotating or Not.
• - Open Cabinet, Check SMPS by Using Multi-meter by Shorting Green and Black wire with Metallic
•   wire & also the Compatible Voltages.
• - Disconnect the Third-Party Hardware Such as Printer & Scanner, if Connected.
• - Check for Defective Button, Replace it.

Troubleshooting No Power Problem in Laptop

• - Check the AC Adapter by Using Multi-meter
• - Dis-Assemble the Laptop & Remove Top Cover.
• - Connect the Power Adapter directly to DC in Jack, & Measure Voltages as per Adapter Mentioned.
• - If there is a No voltage,Check for Harness/ Cable & it has to be replaced.
• - Check the Fuse on Motherboard.
• - Replace the DC to DC Converter Chip.

5. Troubleshooting No Display Problem in PC

• - Plug Power cord & Check the Monitor is turning ON.
• - Move mouse and tap key of keyboard, to ensure that it is not in suspended Mode.
• - Check for Brightness, if Monitor is turning ON.
• - Check VGA Cable
• - Check RAM by Cleaning & Re-installing on Another Slot.
• - Check CMOS Battery Voltage and Re-insert it.
• - Remove internal Hardware to ensure which is creating a Fault.
• - Check for BIOS Version and date and if necessary Update it.

Troubleshooting  No Display Problem in Laptop.

• - Check Power Adapter is Properly Connected or not.
• - Check Power ON Indication on Laptop Screen
• - Check for Brightness by Pressing Fn + Up arrow key For increasing & Fn + down arroy key.
• - Check RAM by inserting & Removing Dust.
• - Check by Connecting another Monitor for display and if the Display has come, then the
•    screen is Faulty.

6.  How to Check SMPS Faulty ?
- First Check the Power Cord Connected Properly.
- Check the Continuity of Power Cord & if it is OK.
- Open the Cabinet, Remove all Connections from Motherboard.


- Take a Metallic Wire, Short the Green & Black Wire in ATX Power 24 Pin Connector
- Switch ON, the Supply if fan Rotates, then it is Working.
- If not, then it is Faulty.

7. What are the Different DC Voltages ?
- IN SMPS,
                  
- As Shown Above,
                               Orange - 3.3V
                               Yellow - 12v
                                Blue - -12v
                                Red - +5V
                                Green - OK Signal
                                Purple - +5v Standby Volatges
                                Black - Ground/common
                                Gray - Power Supply Good or OK Signal

8. How to Set Boot Priority for USB in BIOS ?

•  Enter in BIOS by Pressing Enter, Del & Esc Key.
•  Go, to Boot Sequence Tab, Click onto it.
•  Set the First Boot Priority as "Removable Disk" by Entering into 1st Boot Sequence & Select  Removable Disk.
•  Your, Priority will Set as (USB).

9. What is Overclocking ?

• Generally, it is related to Processor
• Overclocking means if my Processor Speed is 3.20 GHz & if it is Running 4 or 5 GHz that means it is Overclocking.

10. What is BSOD Error, Causes and how to resolve it ?

•  Generally, three Lines indicates the Error & it looks like a Blue Screen Dump.
• The Name of Error, Code of Error & when Blue Screen Occurs, Windows Automatically    Creates a "Mini-dump" & Save to our Hard Drive.
• Command for Checking a Bad Sectors is  >chkdsk c : /x /f /r
• There will be Defective RAM.
• Overheat Problem.
•  Also browse the Solution by Entering a Name & Code of Error through Internet.

11. How Can I Upgrade a RAM ?

• - First go to an Manufacturer Website
• - Check whether we can Upgrade.
• - Add one more RAM or else Replace with Older RAM.
• - Open the Cabinet & insert the New RAM into Another Slot.
• - Close the Cabinet and the Performance will Boost

12. How to Resolve a Hanged Computer ?

• - Clean the RAM & Check.
• - Check RAM by using Memory diagnostic Tool.
• - Check for a Hard disk Bad Sector or Free up Some Space if it is Full.
• - Use "chkdsk" Command for Checking bad Sector.
• - Check the Processor if it is Overheating, then Apply Thermal Paste to avoid from Overheating.
• - Go to BIOS, Check a Processor Overclocking.
• - Check the Compatible Voltages of SMPS.

13. How to Resolve Random Restart Problem ?

• - Check Power Cable
• - Check Motherboard for an any Broken Power Connector.
• - Check Fan is Rotating or not.
• - If not Replace it or Add Additional Fan.
• - Replace a RAM by Another Empty Slot.
• - Clean the RAM & also the Slot of RAM.

14. How to Resolve Audio Problem in PC

• - First Check Speaker Volume Settings.
• - On, Taskbar there is a Sound Symbol & Check it is Mute or Not.
• - Check Audio Jack is Properly Connected on the Correct Audio Port that is Green (line out).
• - Replace a Faulty Cable.
• - Check BIOS and Enable a High Definition Audio if it is Disable.

15. Troubleshoot No Audio issue & Webcam in Laptop

• - Enable Audio Configuration in BIOS
• - Connect a Speaker & Headphones Externally & if Audio Works, then Replace Audio Jack.
• - Test Internal Speaker by Connecting a External Speaker.
• - If Audio not works , Replace Internal Speaker.

                      Webcam

• - Go to BIOS Setting, in Peripherals Enable the Webcam
• - Check any Sticker is Covering a Webcam or not.
• - Check the Drivers Installed.
• - Connect a Webcam Externally & if it works then the Hardware is OK.

16. How to Check a Hard Disk Bad Sector 
There are two ways to check Bad Sectors of Hard disk.

















- By Command
- By Manually
By Manually :- Go to my PC, double Clcik
                          Go to System Drive (c).
Right Click ; go to properties ;go to Tools Check now ; Click for Bad Sector.
By Command :- Type chkdsk command in command prompt.

17. How to Resolve Computer Slow Problem 

• - Close all the Programs which are active in Background.
• - Ensure that the Antivirus is Not Scanning the Computer since it also make it  Slow.
• - Delete Temp files by Command such as %temp% in command prompt.
• - Free Hard drive Spaces
• - Check for Bad Sector.
• - Scan for Viruses.

18. How to Troubleshoot 3 Short Beeps Problems of Computer 

• - This 3 Short Beeps Indicates That there is RAM Problem.
• - Check the RAM if necessary Replace it.

19. What is Turbo boost and Virtualization ?

•  Turbo boost means when a Processor demands a High Processing speed or Frequency then, it is  Used.
• Virtualization means a Running a two Operating System in One Single Machine.
•  It is available in Intel Core i5, Core i7 and some Core i3 processors. Intel achieves Turbo Boost using dynamic overclocking techniques.