OPERATING SYSTEM QUESTIONS

What is Operating System ?

• - It is an Interface between User and Computers and it Manages the Executions of all types of  Program.
• 
  
• What are the Types of Operating System ?

Generally, there are three types of Operating System.
- Microsoft Windows

- Mac OS X

- Linux








- Based on User Interface, An Operating System are :-
Command Line interface ( CLI ) :- It allows user to enter Commands as Texts to interact with
                                                        Computer. For eg :- MS-DOS, Unix etc.
Graphics User Interface ( GUI ) :- It have icons,menu etc. to the user to interact with Computer
                                                       For eg. Windows, Linux etc.



Difference Between Client OS and Network OS
 Client Operating System :- 

• - It is Designed to Run on a Desktop Computer
• - It is also Known as Standalone Operating System.
• - A Client is Software that (usually) Connect to Server to Perform Actions.

Network Operating System :-
- It is Designed to Support Network.
- It Enables Various Computer Connect to Network to Share Resources Such as Data File, devices etc

Difference between System Software and Application Software
System Software :- System Software is Consist of Programs which Manages Computer Itself.
                                 Such as Operating System, File Management and Operating System manages
                                 Computer Hardware.
Application Software :- Applications Software is a Computer Program designed to Perform                                                        Various task and Activities. such as MS Office and more others etc.


Difference Between Features of Windows 8 and Windows 10 ?
 Features of Windows 8 :- 
- Live Tiles & Lock Screen.
- System-Wide Search......
- Refresh & Reset.......
- Settings Sync......
- Snap View For Multi-Tasking.......
- Pin Anything..
- Task Manager.

Features of Windows 10 :-
- Start Menu Returns
- Cortana on Desktop- Being Lazy just got a Lot Easier.
- Xbox App
- Project Spartan Browser
- Improved Multi-Tasking
- Universal Apps
- Office Apps get Touch Support
- Continum
- Action Centre
- Unified Settings/ Control Panel.

What is Partition ?
- A Logical division of Hard Disk is known as Partition.

What is Format ?
- Format means Erasing all the Data & Creating a New File System.

What are the Types of Partition ? 
- Primary Partition, Logical Partition & Extended Partition.
Primary Partition is Needed to Store & Boot an Operating System.
- Extended Partition :- Extended Partition are Divided into Logical Drivers, where Data Proper is
                                     Located.
                                     Extended Partition are used Only for Creating a Number of Logical Partition.
- Logical Partition :- Logical Partition are the Partition that are Created in Extended Partition Area.
                                  A Logical Partition

 What is a Difference between NTFS and FAT32 ?
  
                FAT32                                                                             NTFS

- It has Max. File Name has 83                                 - It has Max. File Name has 255 Characters.
   Characters.
- FAT32 Has File Size of 4GB                                   - NTFS has File Size of 16 TB
We May Easily Convert a FAT32 System to NTFS, But Reverse is not True, Because NTFS Follow
a Secure Protocol.

 What is Upgradation and Migration ?

- Upgradation means Upgrading From Lower Version to Higher Version of Windows.
- Migration means taking a Backup in External Drive and Performing Task on Another Computer.
- Hence it can be done into Another PC ( Migration ).

Difference Between Windows and Linux ?
- Windows has an GUI Interface whereas Linux has CLI Interface.
- Troubleshooting technical Problem is more difficult in Linux but as much simple in Windows.

How Many Rows & Column in Excel Show.
- ROWS :- 1048576
  COLUMNS :- 16384.

What is Backup and Restore ?
- Backup means Saving the File into Another Location that means Externally such as Hard drive or PD.
- In case of failure of Windows, we can restore a data.
- Restore means Gaining the Files after Installation which we are set.

How to Solve PC Slow Problem ?

- First Delete the Temporary Files by Command %temp%.
- Second Clear the Prefetch.
- By Scanning the Device through the Antivirus.
- Check For Hard disk Badsector.
- 

How to Solve Internet not Working ?
- Check Power button ON or Off
- Check Cables
- Check BIOS Configuration No Restriction put on Network
- Check Router or Moderm is Properly Configure.
- Check Adapter is Disabled if it, then Enable it.
- Check IP Config
- Check Adapter is Updated or not.
- Check IP Address using PING Command.
- Ping Default Gateway of our Router.
- Check Firewall Settings.
- Check Antivirus Settings.

How to Solve LAN Problem ?
- Check Power Button ON or OFF.
- Check Cables
- Check Cabinet LED indication of Router.
- Check No restrictions put on Network in BIOS.
- Check Adapter is Disabled or Not.
- Check IP Configuration.
- Check Adapter is Updated or Not.
- Use PING Command
- PING IP Address present in LAN network.
- If Still Showing Destination HOST Unread.
- Check Firewall Settings & Configure it Correctly.











Generally, there are three types of Operating System.
-

MOC QUESTIONS

1.  How to Solve Boot.Mgr Problem ?

- First Go to BIOS and Set the Boot Priority for CD or DVD or USB.
- Insert a Media, we will Prompt as Press any Key to Boot from CD or DVD... PRESS IT.
- Windows will Load and select a Time and Language and click on NEXT.
- AFTER that Select a Repair a Computer and it will start Laoding.
- On above Check mark ON Use a Recovery Tools option.
- Click NEXT.
- Click ON Repair and Restart.
- Then Go to STARTup Repair.
- Startup Repair check for a Problems.
- It will Prompt for Restart your Computer to Complete Repairs.
- Click on Finish.

2. Difference between Mac and IP address?
- Mac Address is a Hardware Address that means it is unique to
 The Network Card which is installed on our PC
- Mac Address is of 12-bit hexa decimal
- IP Address is a logical address located to the Network device via
 Computer software.
- IPv4 is of 32-bit whereas IPv6 is of 128-bit .

3. How to add a Network Printer?
- First Connect a network printer by USB or LAN Cable.
- Go to Control Panel.
- Go to devices and printers.
- Click on Add a printer.
- Add a local or Network Printer
- Click Ok
- It will search for a available Printer and once it search it will detect .
- Select a Printer and install.

4. What is BIOS?
- It stands Basic Input Output System.
- It is a ROM chip on the Motherboard
- It is an interface between Computer
  Hardware and it's Operating System.
- There are basically 4 main function.
  POST :- it checks whether the hardware is properly connected or not.
Bootstrap loader :- it finds bootable Drive and load the Operating System.
Setup utility program :- the information related to Computer is been saved to NON- volatile memory , that is ROM.
Bios drivers :- it has one EPROM or EEprom .

5. Types of IP Address ?
- Unicast IP Address, this type of address used for one to one Communication.
- Multi-cast IP Address, used for One to many communication.
- Broadcast IP Address, used for One to Everybody Communication.

6. Types of Networks ?
- LAN, Local Area Networks.
- WAN, Wide Area Networks.
- MAN, Metropolitan Area Networks.

7. What is Subnetting ?
- Subnetting is a Practice of Dividing a Network into two or Smaller Networks.
- It increases Routine Efficiency, enhances the Security of Networks and Reduces the Size of Broadcast domain.

8. What is Subnet Masks ?
- An IP Address is Divided into Two Parts : Network and Hosts.
- For Example :- An IP Class A address Consists of 8 bits Identifying the Network and 24 bits
                            identifying the Hosts.
- A Subnet Masks Consists of 32 bits.

9. Difference between RAM & ROM ?
- RAM is a Volatile Memory.
- RAM is a Temporary Memory.
- RAM is also called as Primary Memory.
- ROM is a Non-Volatile Memory.
- ROM is a Permanent Memory.
- ROM is also called as Secondary Memory.

10. How to Upgrade Outlook ?
- Open the Outlook.
- Go to File > Account
- Click on Update Option.
- It will Prompt for Update Now
- Click on Update and it will Update.

11. How to Share a Network Printer ?
- Right Click on the Install Printer
- Go to Properties
- Go to Sharing Tab
- Check mark on the Sharing the Printer
- Click Apply and then OK.
TO ALLOW THE PERMISSION FOR SHARING A PRINTER FOLLOW THE STEPS BELOW :-
Go to Network and Sharing Centre.
- Go to Changing a Advanced Sharing Option
- Turn ON the File and Printer Sharing.

12. What is Virtualization ?
- Virtualization means Running two Logical Machines in One Physical Machines is Known as
   Virtualization.
- There are various Virtualization Platforms such as VMWARE.

13. What is Email Client ?
- Email Client is an Desktop Applications which is used to send and Receive Emails.

14. What are the Protocols of Email Client ?
- Basically there are three Important Protocols which are Recommended during Email Configuration.
- IMAP and POP for Receiving Email and SMTP for Send a Mail.

15. What are the Software for Email Client ?
- Mozilla Thunderbrid for Mac, Windows and Linux.
- AirMail 3.0 is the Email Client for MAC.
- MS Outlook 2016
- Eudora
- Microsoft Exchange.

16. Difference between Firewall and Antivirus ? 
- Firewall is a Network Security System that Monitors over all Incoming and Outgoing Network Traffic .
- Firewall is a Software Program which is used to Protect from Unauthorized Access to or a from private Network.
- Antivirus is an Software which is used to Remove Viruses.

17. Difference Between IMAP and POP ?
- POP delete Copies of Messages from the Server.
- IMAP4  not delete copies of Messages from the Server.

HARDWARE QUESTIONS

1. What is BIOS ?

• - BIOS Standards for Basic Input Output System.
• - It is a Rom Chip on the Motherboard.
• - It is an Interface between Computer hardware & its Operating System.
• There are Basically Four Functions of BIOS:-
• - (POST) :- Power on Self Test,It Checks all hardware connected Properly or not.
• - (BOOTSTRAP LOADER) :- It finds a Bootable Drive & Load its Operating System.
• - (SETUP UTILITY PROGRAM) :- In a Non-volatile Memory the information about Computer System is Stored.
• - (BIOS DRIVERS) :- It is a Collections of Program Stored in One or more EPROM or EEPROM.

2. What is difference between ddr1, ddr2, ddr3, ddr4 Memory's ?

- Difference between ddr1,2,3 & 4 are all about their Speed means a Frequency & their Pins & the
  Operating Voltages.

• - DDR1 has 184 Pins and 2.5 Operating Voltage & Approximately 200-400 MHz Frequency.
• - DDR2 has 240 Pins and 1.8 Operating Voltage & Approximately 400-800 MHz Frequency.
• - DDR3 has 240 Pins and 1.5 Operating Voltage & Approximately 800-1800 MHz Frequency.
• - DDR4 is Latest & it has 288 Pins and 1.2 Operating Voltage & Approximately 1800-2133 MHz  Frequency.

3. What is Difference between SATA and PATA ?

- 

• - SATA Stand for Serial Advanced Technology .
• - It Transfers a Data Bit by Bit from One Drive to Another Drive.
• - SATA has a Data Transfer Speed of 150/300/600 MBs/ Seconds.

• - PATA Stands for Parallel Advanced Technology Attachement. 
• - It Transfers Data of 8 bit from One Drive to Another Drive or One Device to Another.

- PATA has a Data Transfer Speeds of 66/100/133 MBs/ Seconds.Therefore, SATA is Faster than    PATA.

3. What are the Difference Types of Hard disk ?

- PATA - Parallel Advanced Technology Attachement.

- SATA - Serial Advanced Technology Attachement

- IDE - Integrated Drive Environment.

- SCSI - Small Computer System Interface.

- SSD - Solid State Drive.

4. Troubleshooting No Power Problems in PC 
- Check Power cord Connected Properly or Not.

• - Press Power Button of Cabinet, and see the LED Light is Glowing, or the FAN is rotating or Not.
• - Open Cabinet, Check SMPS by Using Multi-meter by Shorting Green and Black wire with Metallic
•   wire & also the Compatible Voltages.
• - Disconnect the Third-Party Hardware Such as Printer & Scanner, if Connected.
• - Check for Defective Button, Replace it.

Troubleshooting No Power Problem in Laptop

• - Check the AC Adapter by Using Multi-meter
• - Dis-Assemble the Laptop & Remove Top Cover.
• - Connect the Power Adapter directly to DC in Jack, & Measure Voltages as per Adapter Mentioned.
• - If there is a No voltage,Check for Harness/ Cable & it has to be replaced.
• - Check the Fuse on Motherboard.
• - Replace the DC to DC Converter Chip.

5. Troubleshooting No Display Problem in PC

• - Plug Power cord & Check the Monitor is turning ON.
• - Move mouse and tap key of keyboard, to ensure that it is not in suspended Mode.
• - Check for Brightness, if Monitor is turning ON.
• - Check VGA Cable
• - Check RAM by Cleaning & Re-installing on Another Slot.
• - Check CMOS Battery Voltage and Re-insert it.
• - Remove internal Hardware to ensure which is creating a Fault.
• - Check for BIOS Version and date and if necessary Update it.

Troubleshooting  No Display Problem in Laptop.

• - Check Power Adapter is Properly Connected or not.
• - Check Power ON Indication on Laptop Screen
• - Check for Brightness by Pressing Fn + Up arrow key For increasing & Fn + down arroy key.
• - Check RAM by inserting & Removing Dust.
• - Check by Connecting another Monitor for display and if the Display has come, then the
•    screen is Faulty.

6.  How to Check SMPS Faulty ?
- First Check the Power Cord Connected Properly.
- Check the Continuity of Power Cord & if it is OK.
- Open the Cabinet, Remove all Connections from Motherboard.


- Take a Metallic Wire, Short the Green & Black Wire in ATX Power 24 Pin Connector
- Switch ON, the Supply if fan Rotates, then it is Working.
- If not, then it is Faulty.

7. What are the Different DC Voltages ?
- IN SMPS,
                  
- As Shown Above,
                               Orange - 3.3V
                               Yellow - 12v
                                Blue - -12v
                                Red - +5V
                                Green - OK Signal
                                Purple - +5v Standby Volatges
                                Black - Ground/common
                                Gray - Power Supply Good or OK Signal

8. How to Set Boot Priority for USB in BIOS ?

•  Enter in BIOS by Pressing Enter, Del & Esc Key.
•  Go, to Boot Sequence Tab, Click onto it.
•  Set the First Boot Priority as "Removable Disk" by Entering into 1st Boot Sequence & Select  Removable Disk.
•  Your, Priority will Set as (USB).

9. What is Overclocking ?

• Generally, it is related to Processor
• Overclocking means if my Processor Speed is 3.20 GHz & if it is Running 4 or 5 GHz that means it is Overclocking.

10. What is BSOD Error, Causes and how to resolve it ?

•  Generally, three Lines indicates the Error & it looks like a Blue Screen Dump.
• The Name of Error, Code of Error & when Blue Screen Occurs, Windows Automatically    Creates a "Mini-dump" & Save to our Hard Drive.
• Command for Checking a Bad Sectors is  >chkdsk c : /x /f /r
• There will be Defective RAM.
• Overheat Problem.
•  Also browse the Solution by Entering a Name & Code of Error through Internet.

11. How Can I Upgrade a RAM ?

• - First go to an Manufacturer Website
• - Check whether we can Upgrade.
• - Add one more RAM or else Replace with Older RAM.
• - Open the Cabinet & insert the New RAM into Another Slot.
• - Close the Cabinet and the Performance will Boost

12. How to Resolve a Hanged Computer ?

• - Clean the RAM & Check.
• - Check RAM by using Memory diagnostic Tool.
• - Check for a Hard disk Bad Sector or Free up Some Space if it is Full.
• - Use "chkdsk" Command for Checking bad Sector.
• - Check the Processor if it is Overheating, then Apply Thermal Paste to avoid from Overheating.
• - Go to BIOS, Check a Processor Overclocking.
• - Check the Compatible Voltages of SMPS.

13. How to Resolve Random Restart Problem ?

• - Check Power Cable
• - Check Motherboard for an any Broken Power Connector.
• - Check Fan is Rotating or not.
• - If not Replace it or Add Additional Fan.
• - Replace a RAM by Another Empty Slot.
• - Clean the RAM & also the Slot of RAM.

14. How to Resolve Audio Problem in PC

• - First Check Speaker Volume Settings.
• - On, Taskbar there is a Sound Symbol & Check it is Mute or Not.
• - Check Audio Jack is Properly Connected on the Correct Audio Port that is Green (line out).
• - Replace a Faulty Cable.
• - Check BIOS and Enable a High Definition Audio if it is Disable.

15. Troubleshoot No Audio issue & Webcam in Laptop

• - Enable Audio Configuration in BIOS
• - Connect a Speaker & Headphones Externally & if Audio Works, then Replace Audio Jack.
• - Test Internal Speaker by Connecting a External Speaker.
• - If Audio not works , Replace Internal Speaker.

                      Webcam

• - Go to BIOS Setting, in Peripherals Enable the Webcam
• - Check any Sticker is Covering a Webcam or not.
• - Check the Drivers Installed.
• - Connect a Webcam Externally & if it works then the Hardware is OK.

16. How to Check a Hard Disk Bad Sector 
There are two ways to check Bad Sectors of Hard disk.

















- By Command
- By Manually
By Manually :- Go to my PC, double Clcik
                          Go to System Drive (c).
Right Click ; go to properties ;go to Tools Check now ; Click for Bad Sector.
By Command :- Type chkdsk command in command prompt.

17. How to Resolve Computer Slow Problem 

• - Close all the Programs which are active in Background.
• - Ensure that the Antivirus is Not Scanning the Computer since it also make it  Slow.
• - Delete Temp files by Command such as %temp% in command prompt.
• - Free Hard drive Spaces
• - Check for Bad Sector.
• - Scan for Viruses.

18. How to Troubleshoot 3 Short Beeps Problems of Computer 

• - This 3 Short Beeps Indicates That there is RAM Problem.
• - Check the RAM if necessary Replace it.

19. What is Turbo boost and Virtualization ?

•  Turbo boost means when a Processor demands a High Processing speed or Frequency then, it is  Used.
• Virtualization means a Running a two Operating System in One Single Machine.
•  It is available in Intel Core i5, Core i7 and some Core i3 processors. Intel achieves Turbo Boost using dynamic overclocking techniques.